Repeater system



R. v. MoRGENsTl-:RN 1,853,005

REPEATER SYSTEM I Filed Feb. 18, 19:50 2 sheets-snapt 1 1 www., M ,w M1 W1 V.. fk R m U1 n M+ WN s( .ar .I .I .IL .Q1

QQ QN April 5 1932.

April 5 1932. v R. v. MORGENSTERN 1,353,005

' REPEATER SYSTEM Filed Feb. 18, 1930 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 l :inventor JZ. VMwgenser/z 10 Gtorneg rents.

Patented Apr. 5,3 1932.

RONALD gv. f ivronenneruim;y or 'fIRvINGToN NEW YORK,v AssiGNon ro" 'rire WESTERN: UNION rniinennrnzooiurennorNew Youn, N; Y.; e conron-A'rioiror New'Nonna= Application filed I.eb1uaryV 18, 1930.` Serial 110.429,421.

This: invention relatesV to telegraph circuits and in particular to vacuum'tube repeaters for' telegraph circuits.-l

Anobject ofy the uinvention is to provide an amplifying repeater in whichathre'e elec'- trode'therinionic vacuum tube is'used to controlthe Generation of current by a dynamo electric unit.

A furthery object of the invention is to provide'a. duplex' repeater of the 4type referred Specifically7 the inventioninvolves a du` plex vacuum tube repeaterin which the "outputy circuitof" the" tube controls the supply variations in its excitationv current to theSpIit t ofpositive'fand negative 'currents7 varying in accordance withthe'signals to' be repeated,r`

to the fieldfot vafdy',nainoele"ctric generator.

Aispeci'ficobject of the inventionYK is to re'- shape the amplified.y or repeated wave to cor` rect' for line distortion; A. means for this purposei may be' the novel 'bridge of" my *invention described hereinafter."

Inoue form of the invention a pair of therniion'ic` vacuum tubes are usedwith their outputfcircuits'normally balanced so that 'their' eects' on *the field .of the repeating generator areneutrarlized. The incoming signal is ap' plied 'iii'opposite sensesV to the control electrodes of the tubes to upsetthebalance, and theresultant' current variations in the voutput *circuits are' caused to u act cumulatively upon thefiel'd "of the lgenerator to produce in its armature avarying current whichat anyinstant corresponds in polarity tothe incoming signal but has a Lconsiderably greater amplitude. u

In anothervforinof the invention a singler thermionic vacuum' tube is usedanditsanode currentis normallybalanced ragainst a con stant' current which 'maybe adjustable Vin value.` The polarity of current supplied to thefieldofthe repeating generator is con-V l trolled dierentially by the two opposed cui` The incoming lisignal upsets-the bal-y ance to vincreaseor Vvdecrease the anode current :in the output circuit of the vacuum'tl'ibefl andy to thus control the polarity of current 'i supplied to the :generator field. i

In accordance lwith this invention the 'i in-` put circuits a* of a -p air fofthermionic vacuum y of the therniionic vacuum tubes has impressed 'r upon it a signal of positive potential the other has impressed upon it a corresponding'negative potential. The held windingsiof a gen- .6C are controlled in accordance with the signal# erator unit inthe plate circuits of the tubes ing energy impressed upon the grid circuits, and the generator is caused tof transmit electric current varied in accordance withthef points of another balanced bridge connected between the other section ofthe-transmis"-vv sion line and a suitable artificial line. Sig#y naii'ng energy is transferred from this latter i' transmission line tothe former by a similar arrangement.

A modified form of this invention employs i a single thermionicvacuum tube energizedf from one section of' a transmission line and connected in the output circuitof vthe theriniY`-.`.. 'onic vacuum tube. A, fieldl circuitof a -ge^nerator is arranged tobe energized in'accordance with signaling energy through.v the opl-1V eration of the electromagnetic relay. Sig-e;

naling energy ,istransmitted from the arinature of this generator to thesplit-points off the balanced bridge connected lbetweentheother section of the transmission-line and its balancing artificial lineor network: Y

This invention will be more fullyunderwm? stood by reference to the drawings iniwhich: Figure l illustrates adupleX telegraph. re-

bridge made up of four resistances 5, (i, 7 and 8 and four inductance coils 9, 10, 11 and 12, the lat-ter wound on a common core. The resistances and inductances are preferably adjustable. The grid oi.E thermionic vacuum tube 4 is connected to point B of the bridge or symmetrical network, where the line 2 is lconnected to the variable resistance G. he point C of the bridge is connected to the grid electrode ot the thermionic vacuum tube 3. The point D of the bridge is connected to the cathode of the thermionic vacuum tube A source of anode current supply 14 is connected between the cathode ot' tube 3 and a terminal of the field winding 17 of generator 15. The other terminal of the winding 17 is connected to the anode of the thermionic tube 3. An auxiliary vinding 1S) is connected in series with a variable condenser 21 across the field 17. The capacity of the condenser 21 is adjusted to increase th field current through the field 19 as the frequency of theV signaling energy increases in order to compensate for the greater frequency attenuation of the transmission line at the higher frequencies. This field circuit arrangement is more fully set forth in a copending application of Ronald V. iliorgenstern entitled Kepeaters for signaling circuits7 Serial No. 426,676 filed February 7 1930.

The source of anode current supply 23 is connected between the cathode of thermionic vacuum tube 4 and the field winding 18 of generator 15. The field winding 18 is arranged in opposition to the field winding 17 so that normally the resultant magnetic linx is Zero. Another auxiliary field winding 2O is connected in series with the variable condenser 22 and in shunt with the winding 18. to compensate for the frequency attenuation of the lines at the higher frequencies.

The armature 16 ot' the generator 15 i connected across points G, H ci the bride' which includes the variable resistances 25, 26, and 27 and the variable inductances 28, 29, 30 and 31. This bridge is cennected in balancing relation between the other setion of the transmission line comprising lines 32 and 33 and its corresponding artificial line 46.

Signaling energy impressed upon the lines 32 and 33 from the armature 16 does not ai'- fect the input circuits of the therinionic vacuum tubes 34 and 35 since the points l and K to which the tube 34 is connected are at the same potential and polarity with respect to the point G when the bridge is properly balanced. The points J and L are likewise at the same potential and polarity with rcspect to the point H. The thermionic vacuum tube 35 is connected to the points J and L.

Source of anode current supply 36 is connected between the cathode of tube and the field winding 38 of the generator 45. The source of anode current supply 37 is connected to the cathode of tube 35 and the field winding 39. The magnetic field set up by the winding 38 is in opposition to that set up by the winding 39. Additional windings 4U and 41 are connected in series with variable condensers 42 and 43.

The symmetrical networks which have been described as comprising four adjustable resi'stances and four adjustable inductancesI arranged in balancingr relation to form a bridge, may serve the additional function of correcting for the distortion of the incoming signal Wave applied to the grid electrodes ot the balanced thermionic vacuum tubes. For this purpose not only must all the arms be adjusted to have the same final values of inductance and resistance, but in addition the value of inductance and resistance and the relations between the two must be so chosen that the bridge will act as a wave shaping device. That is, the bridge must produce relatively greater voltage drops across the vacuum tube input circuits for the higher trequencies which suffer relatively greater attenuation during transmission over the line.

The operation of the arrangement illustrated in Figure 1 is as follows: Signaling energy is transmitted to the repeater station either 'from the lines 1 and 2 or from the lilies 32 and 33 when the system is arranged for duplex operation. Then the signals are transmitted to the repeater station from lines 1 and 2 the points A and B will be of opposite polarity, that is, the signaling energy Will cause either A to be positive with respect to B or B to be positive with respect to A. In case the point B is positive with respect to A the potential of the grid electrode of tube 4 will increase with respect to that of the filament and the anode current through this tube and through the field winding 18 will increase. The potential ot' the grid electrode of the tube 3 will be decreased or made less positive by the signal and the current through the field winding 17 will decrease. It is here assumed that the thermionic vacuum tubes 3 and 14 are operated on the linear portion of their grid potential-plate current characteristic curves. since the field windings 17 and 18 are energized by the anode currents of tubes 3 and 4, respectively, any increase or decrease in these anode currents by the signals impressed upon the input circuits of these tubes will effect the excitation of the generator 15 and electric currents cor responding to these signals will be transmitted to the lines 32 and 33 from this generator.

Signals transmitted to the repeater station over the lines 32 and 33 are impressed upon the circuits of thermionic vacuum tubes 34 and 35 and caused to vary the excitation ot the generator 45 which transmits electric currents to the lines 1 and 2 in a similar manner.

In Fig. 2 of the drawings is illustrated an errangement?` in Which the input circuitof thermionic'vacuum tubep46V is. coupledto Vthe linesv 51 and; 52 and its` associated bridge the bridge at the points 1T andIR through the; variable resistance'62 rwhich is shunted by the variable'-condenser 63. The primary 49 is connectedY tothe bridge atlpoints M andQin the' opposite sense tofth'atin which the primary is connectedto points N and R. The primary; windings 49 andv` 50 of ythetransformer47'mustbe substantially identical with.

respect to. theirfnumhers of turnsV and. they mustl occupy the same; relative positions Aon f the; core. rThe variable inductance? units V57,

- 5,8, f 59 fand 60 ofthe bridge are Woundn upon .ai single core. This feature is set forth in myv cope'ndingr. application, Serial No, 390,341, ledlv September 4, 1929, issuedJ an. 6, 1931, as Patent No. 1,7 88,316.

The thermionic vacuum tube 46 is supplied from. a source 66 Which is grounded at one terminaland connected at its other terminal tovbothwindings of va differentialmeter 67. OneY Winding 68 ofA themeter is connected in serieswith a Winding 71' of a polarizedl relay and through a l variable resistance 77 to` ground. TheV other meter Winding 69 is connected in series with the Winding70` of the polarized,A relay, thence to the plate of vacuum tube 46. 'f The resistance 77 is adjusted to vary thecurrent through Winding 68' of the differential meter untilKV the meter indicates that the-.current is justequal to that flowing.

through `Winding 7 0in the anode circuit ofthe vacuum tube. VThe polarized relay is so arrangedthatwhen no signal is received the magnetic elds of' the equal currents flowing through its two-windings 7 0 and 71 neutralize one-.anothen When. a. signalisimpressed upon the input; -y circuit of thethermionic tube 46in such a manner that the anode current lisicaused to increase, the magnetic field of. thek Winding 70 Will increase over that of W1nd1ng71- and cause the armature72to engagea contact thereof which is connected to the resistance 73l and the generator 7 5.v Thereupon thefield.

Winding7 8 of the generator 79 Will be energized' by positive current and a signal of positivepolarity Will be transmitted over the lines 83 and 84 fromrthe armature 80. A

variable ,resistance 81 shnnted by a variable capacity v82 .is `connectedfin series With the field. Winding 78 for the purpose of compensating for line distortionof signals. f

Zhenthe signalimpressed upon the input circuit ofthetube 46 through the combined effect ofthe primaries 49 and 50 upon/the secondary 48` of the transformer 477 issuch as to cause the anode current of this-tube-to degf crease-below its norma-l val-ue,fthfe magnetic field set up byfthe-Winding70wil-lbe of lesser magnitude thanxthat set yup by .tha Windingi 71 yand the armature721which1is magnetically' controlled by thefelds vof coils/70 and71, will f be causedto engagea .contact connectedlto thel I correctingnetvvorlr vcomprising variable condenser V9.1 shunted by variable resistance and to the points 'S land W of asecondbridge similar toV the first..V '.Ihs'bridgev includes the variable resistances 96, 97,98 and. 99 and the rvariable inductances `units 92, .93,` 94- and 95ginterposedf between the lines 83k and 84 and the artificial line 100. Thelprimary87. is connected? to. the points .X and T through the variablecondenser 891 and. the variable resistance 88 in shunt thereto. The pri-- maries l86 an`d`87 are connected to the. bridge associatedv With the 'lines 831and1814' in' sucha direction that kthe magnetic fieldsu set .up in these primaries rby `incoming signaling eurrents received from the lines 83 and 84 Will aidy each other in energizing'they input circuit of thethermionic Vacuum'tube 85,1While the magnetic Veffects producedfinrthese primary windings 86 andir 87 "by signaling currents impressed upon the network of the4 linesk 83.

generator79 Willjneutralize thedifferentialmeter 102. The Windingp106" y is arranged'to be.magneticallyv opposed to the Winding 105. The current through-theivinding106 is adjusted byy varying theresistance of the unit 116 until the .differential meter 102 indicates thatthis current is equal-` to the current kiiorving through the'vvinding 105; VTWhen this condition is` obtained the magnetic eldof `the Windings105and 106 neutralize each other andthe armature 107 is not operated. l/Vhen the input of the-tube 85 isvenergizedfby a signalof positive polar,-

ity and the; current through VtheV tubek is? caused toincrease,.fthe magnetic ield of the.:v

Winding `105V Will predominate;'over'that of" v Winding 106 .and the armature 107 `Willfhe causedto engagethe contact associatedwith lill) the resistance 109. Thereupon a current flows from the source of current supply 111 through the field winding 112 of the generator 117. A signal of positive polarity is then transmitted to the lines 51 and 52 through the operation of the generator 117, the armature 113 of which is connected to the points O and P of the bridge associated with lines 51 and 52. `When a signal of negative polarity is impressed upon the tube the current through the winding 105 is caused to decrease. The relay armature 107 will be caused to complete the. circuit through the resistance 10S whereby a current from the source of current supply 11() flows through the winding 112 of the generator 117. A signal of negative polarity is then impressed upon the lines 51 and 52. A signal shaping circuit including the variable resistance 116 and the variable condenser 114 in parallel is connected in series with the field 112 to compensate for frequency attenuation of the transmission lines.

While I have set forth the embodiment of n this invention in considerable detail, it is, of

course, understood that various modifications thereof may be made without departing from the spirit thereof.

I claim:

1. In a signaling system the combination of a thermionic vacuum tube, means for iinpressing signaling energy upon the input circuit of said thermionic vacuum tube, a relay associated with the output circuit of said thermionic vacuum tube, a generator unit, said relay being arranged to control the direction of current flow through a field winding of said generator.

2. In a signaling system the combination of a thermionic vacuum tube, means for i-mpressing signaling energy upon the input circuit of said thermionic vacuum tube, a relay having a plurality of windings, one of said windings being energized by the anode current of' said thermionic vacuum tube, means for controlling the current through another of said windings, said last mentioned winding being arranged to oppose its magnetic field to that of said first mentioned winding, and means under control of said thermionic vacuum tube to vary the magnetic field of said first mentioned winding to thereby control the operation of said relay in accordance with signaling energy.

3. In a signaling system the combination of a thermionic vacuum tube, means for impressing signaling energy upon the input circuit of said thermionic vacuum tube, a relay having a plurality of windings, one of said windings being arranged to normally oppose and neutralize the magnetic effects of another of said windings, connections between said thermionic vacuum tube and one of said windings whereby the operation of said relay may be controlled by signaling energy impressed upon the input circuit of said tube a generator, and means under control of sai relay to vary the field of said generator.

4. In a signaling system the combination of a relay having a plurality of windings, one of said windings being arranged to normally oppose and balance the magnetic effects of another of said windings, said first mentioned winding being associated with a signal transmission system whereby signaling energy may be impressed upon the circuit thereof, a generator, connections between the field winding of said generator' and said relay whereby said relay is arranged to control the current flow through said field winding in accordance with signaling energy.

5. In a signaling system the combination of a relay having a plurality of windings, a source of current supply for energizing said windings, certain of said windings being arranged to oppose the magnetic effects of another of said windings whereby a condition of magnetic balance is obtained in said relay windings, means for indicating this condition of magnetic balance, a generator, connections between the field winding of said generator and said relay, means for impressing signaling energy upon a selected circuit of said relay for controlling the operation thereof whereby the energization of said field winding is controlled in accordance with signaling energy.

6. In a signaling system the combination of a signal transmission line, a balancing line and a balanced bridge network therefor, a thermionic tube connected to conjugate points of said bridge network, a relay in the output circuit of said tube, and a generator having its field winding under control of said relay.

7. In a signaling system the combination of a pair of signal transmission lines, a balancing line and a balanced bridge network for each transmission line, thermionic vacuum tube repeaters connected in conjugate paths between said bridge networks, a generator in each path and means under control of said vacuum tube repeaters for varying the field of its associated generator in accordance with incoming signals.

8. In a signaling system the combination of a pair of signal transmission lines, artificial lines therefor, a balancing bridge network connected between each transmission line and its artificial line to produce a pair of conjugate paths extending from the split points of one bridge to the terminals of the other bridge, vacuum tube repeaters associated in input relation to the said terminals of each bridge, a generator connected to the split points of each bridge and means under control of the vacuum tube repeaters for determining the polarity of current supplied by the generator to the split points of its associated bridge.

9. In a signaling system the combination of a pair of signal transmission lines, ,arti-y ficial lines therefor, la balancing bridge net- Worl connected betweeneach transmission line and its artificial line, a pairl of input paths connected tothe pairs of terminals of the bridge network, and adapted to supply signaling voltages of ychanging polarity'to a vacuum tube repeater, a generator connected to the split points of the bridge and means o under control of the output of said Vacuum Vtube repeater for changing the polarity of current supplied tothe field of said generator. 10. The combination according to claim 9 in Which the bridge network comprises resistance and inductance designed to reform the incoming signal Wave to correct for line distortion. Y

In testimony whereof I aix my signature.

RONALD V. MORGENSVTERN. 

